Choosing the right type of crane is the first step to ensuring project efficiency and safety. Based on different operational needs and scenarios, cranes are mainly classified into the following categories:
Classification of Cranes by Structure Type
Overhead Crane: Spans across the workshop ceiling, occupying no floor working space. Suitable for workshops, warehouses, and indoor material handling.
Gantry Crane: Legs run on ground rails, offering strong load-bearing capacity. Suitable for open-air storage yards, ports, and precast component plants.
Tower Crane: Features a large lifting height and wide working range. Suitable for building construction and hoisting operations in high-rise buildings.
Crawler Crane: Can travel on rough terrain with good maneuverability. Suitable for large-scale projects, wind power installation, and foundation work.
Truck Crane: Fast road travel speed, convenient for transfer between sites. Suitable for dispersed construction sites, municipal engineering, and emergency rescue.
2. Determining Core Crane Selection Parameters
When selecting a crane, the following key parameters must be determined based on actual operational requirements to avoid over or under-specification:
Rated Lifting Capacity: Determined by the weight of the maximum load to be handled, with a 10%-20% margin. For example, if the maximum load weighs 8 tons, it is recommended to choose equipment with a rated capacity of 10 tons.
Span: The distance between the centers of the wheels at both ends of the crane’s main beam. It should be determined based on the width of the work site, ensuring sufficient safety clearance on both sides, typically reserving 0.5-1 meter on each side.
Lifting Height: Determined by the maximum height to which the load needs to be lifted. The height of the hook itself must be included to avoid failing to reach the target height.
Duty Classification: Determined by “load state” and “number of work cycles” (e.g., A3-A8 class). For frequent operation (e.g., more than 10 hours per day), choose class A5 or above; for occasional operation, class A3-A4 can be selected.
3. Structural Selection of Gantry Cranes
As one of the most widely used types, the choice of gantry crane structure is particularly critical:
Box Girder Gantry Crane: Stable structure, strong load-bearing capacity, good wind resistance. Suitable for heavy industrial scenarios such as steel plants, ports, and large workshops.
Truss Girder Gantry Crane: Light self-weight, low cost, low wind resistance. Suitable for light-duty operations like building material yards and small freight yards.
Semi-gantry Crane: One leg runs on a rail while the other is supported by the workshop column. Especially suitable for narrow spaces or scenarios requiring coordination with the workshop.
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